As pets age, it is normal for their habits, needs, and even personalities to change. While some changes are to be expected and are simply a result of growing older, that’s not always the case. Sometimes it is caused by a cognitive decline, similar to a human experiencing Alzheimer’s disease.
At Acoma Animal Clinic, we’re here to help keep your pet as healthy, comfortable, and happy as possible. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at cognitive decline in pets and its impact on animal behavior.
What is Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome?
Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a progressive, age-related disease that leads to mental decline and behavioral changes. The deterioration is similar to Alzheimer’s disease in humans.
Various studies that used pet owner interviews found the prevalence of CDS in dogs ranged from 22.5% to 73.5%. Researchers believe that dogs may start to develop CDS around the age of nine or older.
Cats can also develop CDS. According to one study, 28% of cats aged 11–14 years, and 50% of cats aged 15 years or older, demonstrated at least one behavioral change consistent with CDS.
Since behavioral changes progress slowly and many pet owners may assume that some changes are a regular part of aging, CDS is likely underdiagnosed.
Common Signs of Cognitive Decline
Cognitive decline typically manifests through changes in animal behavior. It may start with one symptom and progress over time, or you may notice several changes simultaneously. Common signs include:
- Sleep patterns: Your pet may start wandering around the house at night or sleeping more than usual during the day.
- Disoriented: You may notice that your pet is getting lost in familiar places, staring off into space, or getting stuck in corners.
- Anxious: They may become more nervous, aggressive, or irritable.
- Accidents: House-trained pets may start urinating or defecating indoors.
- Interaction: They may no longer recognize familiar faces or become suddenly avoidant or clingy.
- Changes in learning: They stop responding to previously known commands or have trouble learning new ones.
- Activity level: Your pet loses interest in playing or doing other activities; you may notice pacing or restlessness.
What To Do If You Notice Changes in Animal Behavior
If you notice changes in your pet’s behavior, you should consult your veterinarian right away. Diagnosing CDS is essentially a process of elimination.
If a physical exam, urine, and blood tests rule out other conditions with similar signs, such as vision or hearing loss, arthritis, or systemic illnesses, then your pet may be diagnosed with CDS. In some cases, MRIs may be recommended to rule out brain tumors and other conditions.
Caring for a Pet With Cognitive Decline
Unfortunately, there is no cure or single treatment for CDS. Your veterinarian may prescribe a combination of medications, prescription diets, and supplements to help ease symptoms and support your pet’s health.
There are also things you can do at home to stimulate your pet’s mind and ensure they are as comfortable as possible. For instance, play with them throughout the day, ensure they get exercise, provide interactive toys for play, install ramps for easier access (if needed), and make sure they have quiet resting spots. Additionally, help your pet feel more secure by sticking to a routine.
What If Cognitive Decline Becomes Severe?
If your pet’s cognitive decline becomes severe and there are drastic changes in animal behavior, it may be time to talk with your veterinarian about quality of life.
These are never easy conversations, but if your pet is unable to rest comfortably and is constantly suffering from extreme confusion and constant anxiety, then it may be time.
You want the very best for your pet, and knowing that they are suffering and have very little, if any, quality of life left is very difficult.
While there is no cure or single treatment for CDS, the earlier your veterinarian is aware of any cognitive decline your pet is experiencing, the better they can care for them. That means maintaining regular veterinary exams and wellness care, and contacting the clinic right away if you notice any behavioral changes.
The team at Acoma Animcal Clinic is here to help. If you have any questions or concerns about your aging pet, contact us today to schedule an appointment.
